Works cited in Robert S. Levine’s talk on “The Lives of Frederick Douglass”

Baker, Houston, Jr. (1982). “Introduction.” Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,

an American Slave. New York: Penguin Books. 7-24.

Bennett, Lerone, Jr. (1963). “Frederick Douglass: Father of the Protest Movement.”

Ebony 18.11: 50-56.

Brawley, Benjamin (1929). A Short History of the American Negro. New York:

Macmillan.

Brawley, Benjamin (1918, 1930). The Negro in Literature and Art. New York: Duffield

& Company.

Brawley, Benjamin (1937). The Negro Genius: A New Appraisal of the Achievement of

the American Negro in Literature and the Fine Arts. New York: Dodd, Mead.

Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V. Hamilton (1967). Black Power: The Politics of

Liberation in America. New York: Vintage Books.

Chesnutt, Charles (1899). Frederick Douglass. 2002. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Douglass, Frederick (1853). “The Heroic Slave.” [easily available on-line]

Douglass, Frederick (1881;1892). Life and Times of Frederick Douglass.

Douglass, Frederick (1855). My Bondage and My Freedom.

Douglass, Frederick (1845; first British edition 1846). Narrative of the Life of Frederick

Douglass

Douglass, Frederick (1852). “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”

Du Bois, W. E. B. (1909). John Brown. 2001. New York: Modern Library.

Foner, Philip S. (1950). The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass: Early Years, 1817-

1849. New York: International Publishers.

Franklin, John Hope (1968). “Rebels, Runaways, and Heroes: The Bitter Years of

Slavery.” Life Magazine 65.21: 92-123.

Holland, Frederick May (1891). Frederick Douglass: The Colored Orator. New York:

Funk & Wagnalls.

Hopkins, Pauline (1900). “Hon. Federick Douglass.” The Colored American 2.2: 121-32.

King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1962). “The Ethical Demands for Integration.” A

Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. 1990. Ed. James

Melvin Washington. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers. 117-125.

Loggins, Vernon (1931). The Negro Author: His Development in America to 1900. New

York: Columbia UP.

McDowell, Deborah E. (1991). “In the First Place: Making Frederick Douglass and the

Afro-American Narrative Tradition.” Critical Essays on Frederick Douglass. Ed. William L. Andrews. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co. 192-214.

Quarles, Benjamin (1948). Frederick Douglass. Washington, D.C.: Associated P.

Quarles, Benjamin (1960). “Introduction.” Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,

an American Slave. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP. vii-xxiv.

Ruffin, George L. (1881, 1892). “Introduction.” Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. New

York: Pathway Press. xxi-xxx.

Sekora, John (1987). “Black Message / White Envelope: Genre, Authenticity, and

Authority in the Antebellum Slave Narrative.” Callalloo 32: 482-515.

Stepto, Robert B. (2010). A Home Elsewhere: Reading African American Classics in the

Age of Obama. Harvard UP.

Voss, Frederick S. (1995). Majestic in His Wrath: A Pictorial Life of Frederick Douglass.

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Washington, Booker T. (1906). Frederick Douglass. 2003. Honolulu: UP of the Pacific.

X, Malcolm (1970). By Any Means Necessary. New York: Pathfinder.